Ekologiya va atrof-muhitni muhofaza qilish sohasidagi ustuvor loyihalar taqdimot qilindi Prezident Shavkat Mirziyoyev 23 mart kuni ekologiya va atrof-muhitni muhofaza qilish sohasidagi 2026-2030 yillarga mo\u2018ljallangan ustuvor umummilliy loyihalar taqdimoti bilan tanishdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Atmosfera havosi sifatini yaxshilash, shahar va hududlarda yashil hududlarni kengaytirish, ekologik ta\u2019lim va madaniyatni oshirish, cho\u2018llanishga qarshi kurashishning ilmiy va amaliy asoslarini mustahkamlashga qaratilgan tashabbuslar ko\u2018rib chiqildi. Dastlab \"Toza havo\" umummilliy loyihasi doirasida rejalashtirilgan chora-tadbirlar haqida ma\u2019lumot berildi. Qayd etilganidek, bugungi kunda Toshkent shahrida havo ifloslanishi belgilangan me\u2019yorlardan oshib ketish holatlari qayd etilmoqda. Bunday holat Navoiy, Farg\u2018ona, Chirchiq va Termizda ham kuzatilmoqda. Ifloslanishning asosiy omillari sifatida sanoatning o\u2018sishi, uglerodli yoqilg\u2018idan keng foydalanish, transport vositalarining ko\u2018payishi, tabiiy omillar va nazoratning yetarli emasligi ko\u2018rsatilgan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Shu munosabat bilan 2030-yilgacha asosiy maqsadlar belgilandi: atmosferaga ifloslantiruvchi moddalar chiqindilarini kamaytirish, sanoat obyektlarida chiqindilarni ushlab qolish ulushini oshirish, transportdan zararli chiqindilarni kamaytirish, shuningdek, PM2,5 darajasi belgilangan me\u2019yordan yuqori bo\u2018lgan kunlar sonini kamaytirish. Qayd etilishicha, ko\u2018rilgan tezkor choralar natijasida Toshkent shahrida havo sifati ma\u2019lum darajada yaxshilangan. Xususan, joriy yilning yanvar-fevral oylarida PM2,5 konsentratsiyasi o\u2018tgan yilning shu davriga nisbatan sezilarli darajada kamaygan. Endi bu borada bosqichma-bosqich hududiy dasturlar qabul qilinib, har bir viloyatda tahlil va diagnostika, havoni monitoring qilish va ifloslantiruvchi manbalarni xatlovdan o\u2018tkazish bo\u2018yicha yagona tizim tashkil etiladi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"Toza havo\" loyihasida energetika va sanoatga alohida e\u2019tibor qaratilgan. Mahsulotlarning bir qismini muqobil energiya manbalari hisobidan ishlab chiqarayotgan korxonalarga soliq imtiyozlari va moliyaviy rag\u2018batlantirish, shuningdek, avtomatik monitoring stansiyalari, filtrlar, chang-gaz tozalash va energiya tejamkor uskunalarni keng joriy etish ko\u2018zda tutilgan. Toshkent shahri va unga tutash hududlardagi sanoat korxonalarida ma\u2019lumotlarni yagona geoaxborot tizimiga integratsiya qilgan holda majburiy avtomatik monitoring postlari o\u2018rnatiladi. Ushbu talablarni bajarmagan subyektlar uchun kompensatsiya to\u2018lovlari sezilarli darajada oshiriladi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Qurilish sohasidagi ekologik talablar ham kuchaytirilmoqda. Yangi yirik obyektlar uchun loyihalashtirishda ko\u2018kalamzorlashtirish ulushini oshirish, qurilish materiallarini yopiq sharoitda saqlash, chiqindilarni maxsus quvurlar va konteynerlar orqali tashlash, maydonlarni himoya to\u2018siqlari bilan o\u2018rash, onlayn kuzatuv kameralarini o\u2018rnatish ko\u2018zda tutilgan. Bundan tashqari, \"shamol yo\u2018laklari\"ni saqlab qolish, qurilish jarayonida ekologik ekspertiza xulosalarini majburiy tartibda hisobga olish, shuningdek, shaharning ekologik va suv resurslarini boshqarish bo\u2018yicha master-reja ishlab chiqish taklif etildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tabiiy changlar ta\u2019sirini kamaytirish bo\u2018yicha ham aniq chora-tadbirlar belgilandi. Toshkent shahri atrofida yashil belbog\u2018 barpo etish, Surxondaryo va Sirdaryo viloyatlarida chang bo\u2018ronlarining oldini olish uchun yashil to\u2018siqlar tashkil etish, sun\u2019iy ko\u2018l va suv havzalari barpo etish, poytaxt tumanlarida favvoralar sonini ko\u2018paytirish, barglarni kompost va mulchaga qayta ishlashni yo\u2018lga qo\u2018yish shular jumlasidan. Bularning barchasi havodagi chang zarralari konsentratsiyasini kamaytirishga va shahar muhitini sog\u2018lomlashtirishga yordam berishi kerak.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Transport sohasida ham alohida yo\u2018nalishlar belgilandi. Motor yoqilg\u2018isi standartlarini bosqichma-bosqich qat\u2019iylashtirish, avtotransport vositalarini \"qizil,\" \"sariq\" va \"yashil\" toifadagi stikerlar bilan ekologik tasniflash, texnik ko\u2018rikni ekologik talablar bilan bog\u2018lash, eskirgan avtoparkni yangilash dasturlarini amalga oshirish va jamoat transporti ulushini oshirish ko\u2018zda tutilgan. Bu, birinchi navbatda, yirik shaharlar markazlarida yo\u2018l harakati bilan bog\u2018liq ifloslanish hajmini kamaytirish imkonini beradi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The issue of greenhouse farms was also considered as an important component of the \"Clean Air\" project. It was noted that a large number of greenhouse farms are concentrated in Tashkent and the Tashkent region, while the share of greenhouses using coal, fuel oil, and non-standard fuels as heating sources is high, and emissions of hazardous substances such as NO2, SO2, and PM2.5 have a serious negative impact on air quality. Furthermore, due to the relatively low level of solar insolation in the Tashkent region compared to other territories, the costs of growing products in greenhouses here are significantly higher. So, if in January the average air temperature in Tashkent is plus 6 degrees Celsius, then in Termez it is plus 10.8 degrees. The cost of growing 1 ton of greenhouse products in the Tashkent region is 11.9 million soums, while in the Surkhandarya region it is 4.9 million soums.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Insolyatsiya darajasi yuqori bo\u2018lgan hududlarda mahsulot yetishtirish issiqxona xo\u2018jaliklarining moliyaviy barqarorligi uchun ham, ichki bozorda narxlar barqarorligini ta\u2019minlash nuqtai nazaridan ham foydalidir. Shu bois Toshkent shahri va unga tutash hududlardagi issiqxona xo\u2018jaliklarini bosqichma-bosqich tabiiy-iqlim sharoiti qulay va energiya samaradorligi yuqori bo\u2018lgan hududlarga ko\u2018chirish taklifi bildirildi. Xususan, Surxondaryo viloyatining Sherobod tumanida kamida 940 gektar maydonda agropark barpo etish rejalashtirilgan. Bu hudud quyosh nurining yuqoriligi, qishning yumshoqligi va isitish xarajatlarining ancha kamligi bilan ajralib turadi, bu esa mahsulot tannarxini keskin pasaytirish imkonini beradi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
2026-yil 1-oktyabrdan boshlab Toshkent shahri va unga tutash hududlarda yangi issiqxonalar tashkil etishni cheklash, ko\u2018chirilgan xo\u2018jaliklarga esa infratuzilma, kreditlash va logistika bo\u2018yicha imtiyozlar berish rejalashtirilmoqda. Taqdimotda \"Yashil makon\" dasturi doirasida botanika va dendrologiya bog\u2018lari konsepsiyasi haqida ham ma\u2019lumot berildi. Ta\u2019kidlanganidek, botanika bog\u2018lari mahalliy va xorijiy o\u2018simliklarni o\u2018rganish, saqlash, ko\u2018paytirish va namoyish etishga xizmat qilsa, dendrologiya bog\u2018lari daraxt va buta turlarini introduksiya qilish, iqlimlashtirish va ilmiy asoslangan holda parvarishlashga ixtisoslashgan. Konsepsiyaga ko\u2018ra, botanika bog\u2018larida turli xil floristik ekspozitsiyalar, oranjereyalar, ko\u2018chatxonalar, ko\u2018llar, ichki yo\u2018laklar, shiyponlar va gulzorlar joylashtiriladi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ayni paytda mamlakatda 3 ta botanika bog\u2018i mavjud bo\u2018lib, loyiha doirasida yana 12 ta botanika bog\u2018i va 16 ta dendrologik park tashkil etish rejalashtirilgan. Bunda har bir hudud uchun tuproq-iqlim sharoitini hisobga olgan holda eng maqbul daraxt va buta turlari tanlanadi. 2028-yilgacha Qoraqalpog\u2018iston Respublikasi, barcha viloyatlar va Toshkent shahrida kamida 100 gektar maydonda botanika va dendrologiya bog\u2018larini tashkil etish rejalashtirilgan. Natijada 2030-yilga borib mamlakatning umumiy ko\u2018kalamzorlashtirish darajasi 14,2 foizdan 30 foizga oshishi, PM2,5 va PM10 konsentratsiyasi 20-25 foizga kamayishi hamda iqlimi og\u2018ir hududlarda o\u2018rtacha havo harorati 1,5-2 darajaga pasayishi kutilmoqda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Shu bilan birga, poytaxtda Milliy dendrologiya bog\u2018ini tashkil etish konsepsiyasi taqdim etildi. Ushbu yirik yashil hududning umumiy maydoni 108 gektarni tashkil etadi. Loyiha doirasida 50 ming tup daraxt va 100 ming tup buta ko\u2018chatlari ekilishi rejalashtirilgan. Bog\u2018 biologik xilma-xillikni saqlash, havo sifatini yaxshilash, uglerod yutilishini oshirish, ilmiy tadqiqotlar va seleksiya ishlarini rivojlantirish, shuningdek, shahar mikroiqlimini sog\u2018lomlashtirishga xizmat qiladi. Havo harorati 2-4 darajaga pasayishi, namlik esa 10-15 foizga oshishi kutilmoqda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Milliy dendrologiya bog\u2018i nafaqat yashil hudud, balki ilmiy, ma\u2019rifiy va ijtimoiy makon sifatida ham shakllanmoqda. Bu yerda \"Tinchlik daraxtlari\" zonasi, oltita iqlim mintaqasi o\u2018simliklari kolleksiyalari, mevali va mahalliy daraxtlar massivlari, dorivor o\u2018simliklar bog\u2018i, oranjereya, gulzorlar, dam olish zonalari, piyodalar va velosiped yo\u2018laklari, avtoturargoh va tashrif buyuruvchilarni qabul qilish maydonchasi tashkil etilishi rejalashtirilgan. Bog\u2018ning markaziy qismida 1 gektarlik sun\u2019iy ko\u2018l va uning atrofida sakura bog\u2018i barpo etish rejalashtirilgan. Infratuzilmada zamonaviy ekologik texnologiyalar - quyosh panellari, qayta ishlangan materiallardan tayyorlangan o\u2018rindiqlar va shiyponlar, avtomatlashtirilgan tomchilatib sug\u2018orish tizimi qo\u2018llaniladi. Ushbu bog\u2018 Markaziy Osiyo atrof-muhit va iqlim o\u2018zgarishini o\u2018rganish universiteti (Green University) uchun tabiiy laboratoriya, aholi uchun esa bioturizm va ekologik ta\u2019lim markaziga aylanadi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"Ekomadaniyat\" umummilliy loyihasi doirasida ekologik ta\u2019lim, ilm-fan va ma\u2019rifiy faoliyatni birlashtirgan yangi tizimni shakllantirish rejalashtirilgan. Ushbu sohada xalqaro standartlarga javob beradigan mutaxassislarning yetishmasligi, aholi o\u2018rtasida ekologik ong va barqaror odatlar darajasi hali ham yetarli emasligi, shuningdek, innovatsiyalar va iqlim texnologiyalarini amaliyotga joriy eta oladigan kadrlar yetishmovchiligi saqlanib qolayotgani qayd etildi. Shu munosabat bilan 2026\/2027 o\u2018quv yilidan boshlab 14 ta hududda \"yashil texnikumlar\" tashkil etilib, ular akademik hamkorlik asosida Green University tizimiga kiritiladi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Loyihaga ko\u2018ra, ta\u2019lim oluvchilar soni har yili ortib boradi va 2028\/2029 o\u2018quv yiliga kelib 10 ming nafarga yetadi. Bakalavr va magistraturada atrof-muhit va barqaror boshqaruv, yashil iqtisodiyot, ekologik muhandislik, iqlim o\u2018zgarishi, cho\u2018llanishga qarshi kurash, barqaror shaharsozlik va barqaror energiya almashinuvi bilan bog\u2018liq yangi yo\u2018nalishlar ochiladi. Ta\u2019lim jarayonida nazariy bilim va amaliyot uyg\u2018unligini ta\u2019minlovchi dual tizim joriy etiladi. Shuningdek, universitet ta\u2019lim tizimini rivojlantirish, ilmiy-innovatsion loyihalar va ma\u2019rifiy ishlarga katta mablag\u2018lar ajratilishi ko\u2018zda tutilgan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Aholining ekologik madaniyatini oshirish uchun \"10 ming qadam\" tashabbusini qayta tiklash, \"Sog\u2018lom turmush tarzi\" platformasini ishga tushirish, shuningdek, Samarqandda GEF-8 assambleyasi va \"Eco Expo Central Asia 2026\" xalqaro ko\u2018rgazmasini o\u2018tkazish rejalashtirilgan. Taqdimotda cho\u2018llanishga qarshi kurashish strategiyasi loyihasi alohida ko\u2018rib chiqildi. Ta\u2019kidlanganidek, O\u2018zbekiston hududining 70 foizi arid zonaga tegishli bo\u2018lib, 70 foizdan ortiq yerlar degradatsiyaga uchragan. Yer resurslari holatining yomonlashuvi har yili iqtisodiyotga 830 million dollar zarar yetkazmoqda. Orol dengizining qurishi natijasida 3 million gektar yer yaroqsiz holga keldi, 56 foiz hudud shamol eroziyasi ta\u2019siriga tushib qoldi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Shu munosabat bilan \"Green University\" qoshida mintaqaviy qo\u2018shma ilmiy-tadqiqot markazini tashkil etish taklif qilindi. U Markaziy Osiyoda cho\u2018llanish jarayonlarini boshqarish bo\u2018yicha birinchi ilmiy xab bo\u2018lishi kutilmoqda. Markaz tarkibida 15 ta ixtisoslashtirilgan laboratoriya faoliyat yuritadi, sun\u2019iy yo\u2018ldosh ma\u2019lumotlari, GIS va masofadan zondlash texnologiyalari asosida yer holatini raqamli monitoring qilish yo\u2018lga qo\u2018yiladi, qurg\u2018oqchilikka chidamli o\u2018simliklar genetik banki shakllantiriladi, tuproqning kimyoviy va fizik tahlil tizimi takomillashtiriladi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu cho\u2018llanish jarayonlarini prognoz qilish va xaritalashning milliy tizimini yaratish, Orolbo\u2018yi va qurg\u2018oqchil hududlarda yashil qoplamni kengaytirish, yaylovlardan barqaror foydalanishni yo\u2018lga qo\u2018yish va cho\u2018l iqtisodiyoti modellarini joriy etish imkonini beradi. Davlatimiz rahbari taqdim etilgan loyihalar ekologik barqarorlikni ta\u2019minlash, aholi salomatligini muhofaza qilish, shahar va qishloqlarda qulayliklarni yanada oshirish, sohaga ilm-fan va zamonaviy texnologiyalarni keng joriy etishda muhim ahamiyatga ega ekanini ta\u2019kidlab, taklif etilgan tashabbuslarni ma\u2019qulladi.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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